Meaning of ‘remains’

Armitage v Parole Board Qld [2023] QCA 239

In Queensland, a ‘no body – no parole’ rule applies where ‘part of the body or remains of the victim has not been located’8.  Armitage was convicted of manslaughter, but 15% of the body was unaccounted for (hands and feet).  Did the rule apply in this case?

Flanagan JA (at …

Frustration of purpose

Mangoola v Muswellbrook SC [2023] NSWCA 275

Mangoola sought to recover $3m in overpaid council rates.  The Act said action for amounts ‘recoverable on restitutionary grounds’ had to be commenced within 12 months11 – not met.  Mangoola argued that this deadline did not apply to statutory claims.

Leeming JA said context and purpose made it clear the Act was …

Extraterritoriality

Karpik v Carnival plc [2023] HCA 39

Passengers who caught COVID on a cruise sued the vessel owner under unfair contract provisions in the Australian Consumer Law13.  One issue was whether the consumer provisions applied to contracts made offshore and to things done outside Australia.

Where the presumption of extraterritoriality arises, the ‘starting point is always the interpretation …

Episode 103

Given the time of year, something might be said about holidays and interpretation.  Usually, if an Act requires or allows a thing to be done and ‘the last day for doing the thing is a Saturday, a Sunday or a holiday1: then the thing may be done on the next day that is not a Saturday, a Sunday …

Compulsory acquisition

Kingston v Transport for Victoria [2023] VSC 618

In this case, Quigley J examines the interpretation principles applicable to compulsory acquisition. 

First, the right to compensation is ‘entirely statutory’6.  Second, although these statutes are subject to the usual rules of interpretation, ‘obscure matters should be resolved in favour of the dispossessed party’7. Third, this means that …

Extrinsic materials

Jusand Nominees v Rattlejack [2023] FCAFC 178

An issue in this infringement case was whether the patent specification disclosed and supported the invention9.  The statutory requirements had been amended to align our law with offshore practice.  On the basis they were ‘ambiguous’ under s 15AB(1)(b)(i) of the Acts Interpretation Act, Perram J had regard to extrinsic materials …

Composite expressions

EPA v Sydney Water [2023] NSWLEC 119

SW resisted a subpoena for documents because their sole purpose was that of a ‘voluntary environmental audit’ (protected).  The interpretation point was how this composite expression was to be construed. 

Moore J said the ‘task is to construe the language of the statute, not individual words’11.  Composite expressions are …

Power of purpose

Russell v R [2023] NSWCCA 272

This ‘extreme body modification’ case is a sequel to the genital mutilation decision, R v A2 [2019] HCA 35.  R was convicted of genital mutilation14 – labiaplasty on a consenting adult female.  He appealed on the basis High Court dicta made it clear the offence was confined to ritual acts committed on female …

Episode 102

The Melbourne Cup was run this month and a horse named Interpretation came sixth.  Horseracing and statutory interpretation have one thing in common.  They are both about picking winners.  A degree of ‘interpretation’ may be applied to the form-guide, and there are any number of ‘systems’ dedicated to this exciting pursuit.  They include raw statistics, urban mythology, superstition and the …

Civil penalties

AER v Pelican Point Ltd [2023] FCA 1110

A regulator sought declarations that Pelican had under-reported the electricity it could produce on a given day.  Pelican argued that any doubt or ambiguity in the civil penalty provisions should be resolved in its favour.  Besanko J (at [680]) agreed generally2.

This is similar to criminal situations where, if real …