Principles

Meaning of ‘services’

EIX20 v WA (No 2) [2025] FCA 28

A man was detained in a youth correction facility, often in isolation.  He sought to amend discrimination claims against WA to cover denial of educational access because of his aboriginality.  The issue became whether the man had been denied ‘services’4.

Banks-Smith J allowed the amendment.  The definition of ‘services’ was …

Impact of purpose

McTye v Chang [2025] NSWCA 3

A young boy riding on a bike with his mother was hit by a public bus and had his foot amputated.  Liability was admitted, and the issue became under which scheme damages arose.  Was this a ‘motor vehicle accident’7 (less damages) or a ‘public transport accident’8 (more damages)?  On the basis a …

Labyrinthine process

PD v DPP (NSW) [2025] NSWSC 16

E117 commented on the allegedly ‘repellent’ nature of statutory language.  Another view is that, with codification, the law would ‘become an object of pleasant and satisfactory study to lawyers and laymen alike’11.  This is not always the experience.

The issue here was whether the Children’s Court had power to impose a …

‘contrary intention’

Queensland v Mr Stradford [2025] HCA 3

The High Court has held that immunity from civil suit ‘is the same for judges of all courts’ 13.  After Judge Vasta in the Federal Circuit Court (FCC) jailed Mr S for contempt, Mr S sued for false imprisonment. 

One issue was whether the FCC was ‘any court’ for Criminal …

Dictionary definitions

Breen v Clough [2024] NSWCA 316

Courts often caution against reliance on dictionaries to resolve meaning.  B and C were neighbours on steep land above a river accessed by an inclinator5.  An ‘easement for services’ over C’s land permitted services ‘to or from each lot benefited’6.  B installed a ‘closed system’ CCTV camera on C’s land …

Criminal offences

Salameh v R [2024] NSWCCA 239

S supplied what he said he believed was cocaine to a sex worker who was later hospitalised.  The drug was fentanyl, a commercial quantity of which was found at his home.  S was convicted of supplying ‘an amount of a prohibited drug which is not less than the commercial quantity applicable …’8  …

Legislative history

Australian Rail Track v ARTBIU [2024] FCAFC 170

Legislative history is often significant in working out the ‘purpose or object’ in order to apply s 15AA11. 

After approval of an enterprise agreement, unions sought determination of various matters still in dispute.  This depended on representatives having ‘not settled all of the matters that were in dispute during bargaining …

Is ‘or’ binary?

Ibrahim v Greater Bendigo CC [2025] VSC 6

E115 reported a case where ‘or’ took an ‘ambulatory and cumulative’ operation14.  This case involved an application to extend time for starting work under a planning permit.  The statute allowed review of (a) a decision to refuse an extension of time ‘or’ (b) a failure to extend time within a …

Mathematical logic

Martinus Rail v Qube (No 3) [2024] NSWSC 1483

An adjudicator awarded full costs where, on his reasoning, only 96.07% was allowable.  The question was whether this involved jurisdictional error due to ‘legal unreasonableness’.  This, noted Parker J (at [48]), was a question of statutory interpretation.

It was held the error was simply arithmetical, ‘not a contestable error of legal …

Power and duty

Gill v Liverpool City Council [2024] NSWLEC 133

Mortgagees of land compulsorily acquired objected to the compensation amount offered.  The issue was whether the mortgagees could force joinder of the owner, who had not objected to the offer.  The statute said that the court ‘may order that any other person [with an interest] be joined as a party’6.…